Systematic review: neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation

Resumen

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been characterized as a chronic lung disease producing oxygen dependence of variable degree, as a result of a predominance of pulmonary injury factors that have had a higher incidence in premature newborns who have required mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen added to this prenatal and postnatal factor. Objective: To review scientific literature on neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Methodology: In order to obtain relevant information to contribute to knowledge, a systematic review of original articles will be carried out including the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, using the following keywords "bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mechanical ventilation, surfactant oxygen therapy, caffeine, corticosteroids". We searched for articles written in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, published in the last 10 years. Results: A search was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, in which we obtained a total of 638 documents, of which 588 did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, so that for the present research we used 25 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were those that responded to the objectives set. Conclusions: Despite several studies carried out since the first description of this disease, to date it has not been possible to eliminate the prevalence of this disease in neonates subjected to mechanical ventilation since this is an important clinical social and economic problem. In turn, it was concluded that, when using noninvasive ventilation, early use of surfactant and rapid extubating, as well as implementing strategies that regulate ventilatory parameters to avoid volutrauma are protective measures against lung injury.